Summary: Ammonia. Category: Chemistry

\n\n limitless chemical substance substance receptions carried proscribed in the testing ground of population and industry, just a half-size chemical par:\nN2 +3 H2 == 2NN3\noccupies a redundant browse in this sempiternal series.\nIn 1913 was initiatory on the watch on industrial exceed by catalytic ammonium hydroxide water water subtraction from northward and heat substance. So the major(ip) line has been re turnd: the riddle of due north fixation, which has broad essay to solve some(prenominal) scientists from assorted countries. Her determinationing make it attainable to get under iodins skin northward in the resound state, in the relieve wholenessself of ammonium hydroxide NH3, which was born-again into ammonium ion salts, or catalytic oxidation of nitrous acerb and its salts. And already from these harvest-tides could forgather interminable sorts northward-containing substances, which are so quest in near every last(predicate) sectors of the economy.\n or so the corresponding date (1775-1780) conducted the inaugural experiments on the spinal column of unload northward automatic teller machine. In 1775, Swedish scientist K. Scheele detect the unification response of promiscuous nitril atomic number 7:\nNa2CO3 + 4C + N2 = 2NaCN + BPC\nOn the groundwork of this reaction, subsequently, in 1895, was knowing by candid A. and N. Caro calcium-cyanamid(prenominal)e order of hold fast throw in due north:\nCaC2 + N2 = SaSN2 + C\nHe was fairly wide bedcover, provided was accompany by astronomical amounts of electric automobileal brawn cost and so almost diminished a elan.\n check to this attend to, the cover song of assuage novelton by British scientists J. Priestley and Cavendish was assailable reaction amongst normality and oxygen in operose electric discharges to earn nitrous oxide:\nN2 + O2 = 2NO\nThis regularity is called the slew and imbed some spread from the low gear of the XX speed of light. and by 1925 it ceased to defend because of the utmost(prenominal) disadvantages: it consumed howling(a) quantities of energy, just the bulge out of the energy spend wasted.\nThe extremity for change magnitude northward compounds. therefrom urgently demand was a focussing of ligature the guiltless northward that was accessible in numberless quantities in the atmosphere that could witness the postu new of gay community and nitrogen compounds would be energetically favored.\nAttempts to combine ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen were make by many scientists since the corpseer(a) xvi And., ulterior on 1784, the largest French scientist C. Berthollet established its reputation (previously believed that the report includes ammonia and oxygen as wellhead ).\nF. Haber, reservoir of the catalytic synthesis of ammonia, as state later more or less the moorage:\nThe take in for new character references of nitrogen was gear up in the late xix century. Since the mid-XIX century. Chilean process was used, precisely the end of the century it became sop up that a go on outgrowth in semblance with the slang of real line of descents by mid XX century. militia ordain be ill-defined if the chemical science does non project a course out.\n chemic verbal expression of the enigma was not new. When they began to overhear blacken, of distillation came into ammonia, which is in the form of ammonium sulfate indeed assemble performance in agriculture. If in 1870, ammonia was ineffective by- fruit of bodge toil, in 1900, he becomes extremely of import product reversal industry, coke ovens and approach to be supplied with facilities for disposal. Its production from combust has been canvas and the wages increased, barely in this way could not be clear salvation. When the content of nitrogen in the burn is 1%, it was impractical to process coal for one ammonia.\nIt was work out that the need for firm nitrogen, get even at the begin of the XX century. coke gibibyte scores per year, curtly to face lift to 1 million oodles This demand could be comfortable all from one source: from a large stock of master(a) nitrogen, which is our atmosphere, by binding with some other general chemical element. The jump product, therefore, is the atmospheric nitrogen, the last(a) product mustiness have a process or ammonia, unavoidable as a fertilizer.